writings

Review PICOT

Adapted from the PICOT Questions Template; Ellen Fineout-Overholt, 2006. This form may be used for educational & research purposes without permission.

Template  for  Asking  PICOT  Questions 

INTERVENTION 

In  ____________________(P),  how  does  ____________________  (I)  compared  to  ____________________(C)  affect  _____________________(O)  within  ___________(T)?     

THERAPY 

In  __________________(P),  what  is  the  effect  of  __________________(I)  compared  to  _____________  (C)  on  ________________(O  within  _____________(T)?   

PROGNOSIS/PREDICTION   In  ______________  (P),  how  does  ___________________  (I)  compared  to  _____________(C)  influence  __________________  (O)  over  _______________  (T)? 

DIAGNOSIS  OR  DIAGNOSTIC  TEST 

In  ___________________(P)  are/is  ____________________(I)    compared  with  _______________________(C)  more  accurate  in  diagnosing  _________________(O)?   

ETIOLOGY 

Are____________________  (P),  who  have  ____________________  (I)  compared  with  those  without  ____________________(C)  at  ____________  risk  for/of  ____________________(O)  over  ________________(T)?     

MEANING 

How  do  _______________________  (P)  with  _______________________  (I)    perceive  _______________________  (O)  during  ________________(T)? 

Adapted from the PICOT Questions Template; Ellen Fineout-Overholt, 2006. This form may be used for educational & research purposes without permission.

Short  Definitions  of  Different  Types  of  Questions  Intervention/Therapy:  Questions  addressing  the  treatment  of  an  illness  or  disability.    

Etiology: 

Questions  addressing  the  causes  or  origins  of  disease  (i.e.,  factors  that  produce  or   predispose  toward  a  certain  disease  or  disorder).    

Diagnosis: 

Questions  addressing  the  act  or  process  of  identifying  or  determining  the  nature  and   cause  of  a  disease  or  injury  through  evaluation.    

Prognosis/Prediction: 

Questions  addressing  the  prediction  of  the  course  of  a  disease.    

Meaning: 

Questions  addressing  how  one  experiences  a  phenomenon.   

Sample  Questions:    

Intervention:

 In  African-­?American  female  adolescents  with  hepatitis  B  (P),  how  does   acetaminophen  (I)  compared  to  ibuprofen  (C)  affect  liver  function  (O)?    

Therapy: 

In  children  with  spastic  cerebral  palsy  (P),  what  is  the  effect  of  splinting  and  casting(I)   compared  to  constraint-­?  induced  therapy  (C)  on  two-­?handed  skill  development  (O)?     Prognosis/Prediction:    

1)  For  patients  65  years  and  older  (P),  how  does  the  use  of  an  influenza  vaccine  (I)  compared  to   not  received  the  vaccine  (C)  influence  the  risk  of  developing  pneumonia  (O)  during  flu  season   (T)?    

2)  In  patients  who  have  experienced  an  acute  myocardial  infarction  (P),  how  does  being  a   smoker  (I)  compared  to  a  non-­?smoker  (C)  influence  death  and  infarction  rates  (O)  during  the   first  5  years  after  the  myocardial  infarction  (T)?    

Diagnosis: 

In  middle-­?aged  males  with  suspected  myocardial  infarction  (P),  are  serial  12-­?lead   ECGs  (I)  compared  to  one  initial  12-­?lead  ECG  (C)  more  accurate  in  diagnosing  an  acute   myocardial  infarction  (O)?    

Etiology: 

Are  30-­?  to  50-­?year-­?old  women  (P)  who  have  high  blood  pressure  (I)  compared  with   those  without  high  blood  pressure  (C)  at  increased  risk  for  an  acute  myocardial  infarction  (O)   during  the  first  year  after  hysterectomy  (T)?    

Meaning: 

How  do  young  males  (P)  with  a  diagnosis  of  below  the  waist  paralysis  (I)  perceive   their  interactions  with  their  romantic  significant  others  (O)  during  the  first  year  after  their   diagnosis  (T)? 

U 7

Case Study

A 65-year-old white female sustains a fall forward, with outstretched left arm bracing her fall, and lands on her left shoulder. She is out of the country when the injury occurs. She uses a scarf as a sling for support. On return home she sees her PCP. She has limited ROM to abduction, adduction, internal, and external rotation. An x-ray is ordered and demonstrates no fractures. She is placed in a shoulder mobilizer and given an anti-inflammatory. She regains her mobility with some continued soreness. Three months later, the patient develops severe pain in her left shoulder. She cannot turn over in the bed due to pain. She cannot raise her arm over her head, and the limited ROM has returned.

• What would be your diagnosis and treatment plan?
• Please list three differential diagnoses.
• Make sure you rule in or rule out the differentials.

Discussion

Not-for-profit organizations use many fundraising strategies to accomplish their missions. Some of these strategies include planned giving, grants, corporate gifts, sponsorships, and individual contributions.

 

Answer the following questions in your initial discussion post:

• If you were the CEO of a not-for-profit organization, which two fundraising methods would you choose, and why?
• Provide a link to the website of the not-for-profit organization you chose for your final project.
• How is this organization using its website to solicit funds and donors? Do you believe that the organization’s approach is effective? Why, or why not?

 

American Red Cross

 

 Textbook: Nonprofit Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter 13 &15

Text book link: https://bncvirtual.com/vb_econtent.php?ACTION=econtent&FVENCKEY=AD9EE8D798DCAFC7E76B5FB7C978DD86&j=43766531&sfmc_sub=1597096465&l=23329524_HTML&u=695880241&mid=524003857&jb=40753&utm_term=10242022&utm_source=transactional&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Direct_Ebooks

 

Discussion Question:

According to Milton Friedman, “Business has only one social responsibility – to make profits (as long as it stays within the legal and moral rules of the game established by society). Few trends could so thoroughly undermine the very foundations of our society as the acceptance by corporate officials of a social responsibility other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible.” Explain why you agree or disagree with such a statement.

Additional information:

· Milton Friedman was the recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1976.

· “Not looking to your own interests but each of you to the interests of the others” (Philippians 2:4, NIV).

Entrepreneurship & Business Development

Task is individual , you will prepare a presentation. You should continue and finish the report (next year business plan), covering the remaining areas of it, to present it to the Board of Directors or Investors in preparation of the yearly Annual Shareholder’s meeting.

The presentation will be backed by a well-thought-out PowerPoint document,  that will include the following sections:

1. Cover page, very attractive, well identified

2. Executive Summary, Introduction & Background

3. External Analysis

4. Internal Analysis SWOT 

4. Targets & Objectives for next year

5. Action Plan: Marketing, Sales, Operations, HR, Legal, IT and Financial Plans

6.  Implementation Schedule, month by month, explaining the tasks every function must perform.

7.  Viability and Conclusions

6. References Key Criteria for Achieving a high grade on your PowerPoint:

 a) Structure and organization of the report. b) Use and application of key concepts, theories, and models. c) Evidence of research undertaken, including relevant, current data relating to the selected company/organization. d) Conclusions and recommendations arising from the research undertaken.

 • Format: PowerPoint document  Via Moodle (Turnitin).